This chart shows The Glass-ceiling Index for Women.
A glass ceiling is, yet unbreakable, barrier that keeps one from rising to the upper rungs of the corporate ladder, regardless of qualifications or achievements.Initially, and sometimes still today, the metaphor was applied by feminists in reference to barriers in the careers of high achieving women.In the US the concept is sometimes extended to refer to obstacles hindering the advancement of minority men, as well as women.
The concept of glass ceilings was originally introduced outside of print media at the National Press Club in July 1979. This was at a Conference of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press by Katherine Lawrence of Hewlett-Packard. This was part of an ongoing discussion of a clash between written policy of promotion versus action opportunities for women at HP. The term was coined by Lawrence and HP manager Maryanne Schreiber.
Sticky floors can be described as the pattern that women are, compared to men, less likely to start to climb the job ladder. Thereby, this phenomenon is related to gender differentials at the bottom of the wage distribution. Building on the seminal study by Booth and co-authors in European Economic Review,during the last decade economists have attempted to identify sticky floors in the labour market. They found empirical evidence for the existence of Sticky Floors in countries such as Australia, Belgium, Italy, Thailand and the United States.
9 years ago
